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Since the Peace of Westphalia (1648), religion has been largely excluded from international political discourse. However, following the terrorist events of September 11, 2001, religion has reemerged as a crucial subject of study in international...

Southern Africa, and as pertains to the rest of Africa, has been confronted with numerous development challenges. The continent is facing major challenges, especially financing, security, soaring debt levels and climate change.These decades-old...

In order to implement the strategic plans made at the 20th national congress of the CPC, the 20th CPC central committee studied the issue of further deepening reform comprehensively to advance Chinese modernisation at its third plenary session and on...

In the words of former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, “Corruption hurts the poor disproportionately diverting funds intended for development, undermining a government’s ability to provide basic services, and feeding inequality and...

Mongae tells us that the militarisation of borders in conflict-ridden African regions emerges as a response to heightened security concerns, aiming to safeguard national interests, uphold territorial integrity, and regulate the movement of people and...

The disruptions caused by Non-State Actors unbounded by international law and with access to stocks of standoff armaments pose fundamental challenges to Africa’s security and economic development.The Houthis further threatened to disrupt the 20...

This involves not only reforming the composition and decision-making mechanisms but also re-evaluating the Council’s role in addressing conflicts and promoting peace and security in a way that reflects the interests and perspectives of all member...

Firstly, let me give a list of signs of this horrible meltdown: Establishing an apartheid State to satisfy a racist ideological doctrine, committing “probable” genocide in Gaza, committing mass executions at, amongst other places, Gaza hospitals,...

As with any international institution, which draws its legitimacy from nation states and the like, its detractors are many, the invective against it frequent. Some 124 countries have signed the Rome Charter of 1998 that gives the body its authority...

Yet, amidst these concerns lies a fundamental truth: World War III is not a distant spectre, but a grim reality unfolding before our very eyes. It’s not a traditional clash of empires or armies marching across continents. Gone are the days of...

Mongae tells us that the militarisation of borders in conflict-ridden African regions emerges as a response to heightened security concerns, aiming to safeguard national interests, uphold territorial integrity, and regulate the movement of people and...

Proxy wars, a timeless fixture of geopolitics, have returned amid escalating strategic rivalries.Major powers, avoiding direct confrontation, manipulate third-party forces to advance their agendas in destabilised regions like Yemen, Syria, and...

The head of the French diplomatic mission is also France’s Special Representative to the SADC.In March 2019, Botswana opened a fully functioning embassy in Paris (France was previously covered from Brussels) symbolising the strength of the ties...

Under these conditions, popular dissatisfaction with the European Union (EU)’s crisis management grew, and anti-EU and anti-refugee/immigrant ideologies were strengthened. Since 2015, the politicisation of migration in the EU has been a complex,...

A stark increase in conflict-related deaths had already been observed prior to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, overturning a five-year decline since the peak of the Syrian civil war in 2014.Notably, battle deaths spiked by 45% between 2020 and 2021,...